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MECHANICSBURG, Pa., Oct. 30, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Select Medical Holdings Corporation ("Select Medical," "we," "us," or "our") (NYSE: SEM) today announced results for its third quarter ended September 30, 2025, and the declaration of a cash dividend.
For the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, revenue increased 7.2% to $1,363.4 million, compared to $1,271.6 million for the same quarter, prior year. Income from continuing operations before other income and expense increased 32.9% to $73.0 million for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $54.9 million for the same quarter, prior year. Income from continuing operations, net of tax, increased 7.0% to $44.2 million for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $41.3 million for the same quarter, prior year. Adjusted EBITDA increased 7.5% to $111.7 million for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $103.9 million for the same quarter, prior year. Earnings per common share from continuing operations increased 21.1% to $0.23 for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $0.19 for the same quarter, prior year. Adjusted earnings per common share from continuing operations, net of tax, was $0.23 for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $0.26 for the same quarter, prior year. The definition of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of income from continuing operations, net of tax, to Adjusted EBITDA are presented in table IX of this release. A reconciliation of earnings per common share from continuing operations, net of tax, to adjusted earnings per common share from continuing operations, net of tax, is presented in table X of this release.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, revenue increased 4.7% to $4,056.2 million, compared to $3,874.5 million for the same period, prior year. Income from continuing operations before other income and expense increased 10.1% to $272.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $247.2 million for the same period, prior year. Income from continuing operations, net of tax, increased 25.9% to $176.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $140.4 million for the same period, prior year. Adjusted EBITDA was $388.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $394.4 million for the same period, prior year. Earnings per common share from continuing operations increased 44.9% to $1.00 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $0.69 for the same period, prior year. Adjusted earnings per common share from continuing operations, net of tax, increased 31.6% to $1.00 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $0.76 for the same period, prior year. The definition of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of income from continuing operations, net of tax, to Adjusted EBITDA are presented in table IX of this release. A reconciliation of earnings per common share from continuing operations, net of tax, to adjusted earnings per common share from continuing operations, net of tax, is presented in table X of this release.
On November 25, 2024, Select completed a tax-free distribution of 104,093,503 shares of common stock of Concentra Group Holdings Parent, Inc. ("Concentra") to its stockholders. Following the completion of the distribution, the Company no longer owns any shares of Concentra common stock. The results of Concentra are presented as discontinued operations and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Company Overview
Select Medical is one of the largest operators of critical illness recovery hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, and outpatient rehabilitation clinics in the United States based on number of facilities. Select Medical's reportable segments include the critical illness recovery hospital segment, the rehabilitation hospital segment, and the outpatient rehabilitation segment. As of September 30, 2025, Select Medical operated 105 critical illness recovery hospitals in 29 states, 36 rehabilitation hospitals in 14 states, and 1,922 outpatient rehabilitation clinics in 39 states and the District of Columbia. At September 30, 2025, Select Medical had operations in 40 states and the District of Columbia. Information about Select Medical is available at www.selectmedical.com.
Critical Illness Recovery Hospital Segment
For the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, revenue for the critical illness recovery hospital segment increased 4.6% to $609.9 million, compared to $583.0 million for the same quarter, prior year. Adjusted EBITDA for the critical illness recovery hospital segment increased 10.5% to $56.1 million for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $50.8 million for the same quarter, prior year. The Adjusted EBITDA margin for the critical illness recovery hospital segment increased to 9.2% for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to 8.7% for the same quarter, prior year. Certain critical illness recovery hospital key statistics are presented in table VII of this release for the third quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, revenue for the critical illness recovery hospital segment increased 0.2% to $1,848.1 million, compared to $1,843.8 million for the same period, prior year. Adjusted EBITDA for the critical illness recovery hospital segment was $199.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $238.5 million for the same period, prior year. The Adjusted EBITDA margin for the critical illness recovery hospital segment was 10.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 12.9% for the same period, prior year. Certain critical illness recovery hospital key statistics are presented in table VIII of this release for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Rehabilitation Hospital Segment
For the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, revenue for the rehabilitation hospital segment increased 16.2% to $328.6 million, compared to $282.7 million for the same quarter, prior year. Adjusted EBITDA for the rehabilitation hospital segment increased 13.0% to $68.0 million for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $60.1 million for the same quarter, prior year. The Adjusted EBITDA margin for the rehabilitation hospital segment was 20.7% for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to 21.3% for the same quarter, prior year. Certain rehabilitation hospital key statistics are presented in table VII of this release for the third quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, revenue for the rehabilitation hospital segment increased 16.4% to $949.8 million, compared to $816.2 million for the same period, prior year. Adjusted EBITDA for the rehabilitation hospital segment increased 14.1% to $209.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $183.5 million for the same period, prior year. The Adjusted EBITDA margin for the rehabilitation hospital segment was 22.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 22.5% for the same period, prior year. Certain rehabilitation hospital key statistics are presented in table VIII of this release for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Outpatient Rehabilitation Segment
For the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, revenue for the outpatient rehabilitation segment increased 4.3% to $325.4 million, compared to $312.0 million for the same quarter, prior year. Adjusted EBITDA for the outpatient rehabilitation segment was $24.2 million for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $28.3 million for the same quarter, prior year. The Adjusted EBITDA margin for the outpatient rehabilitation segment was 7.4% for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to 9.1% for the same quarter, prior year. Certain outpatient rehabilitation key statistics are presented in table VII of this release for the third quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, revenue for the outpatient rehabilitation segment increased 3.2% to $960.3 million, compared to $930.7 million for the same period, prior year. Adjusted EBITDA for the outpatient rehabilitation segment was $79.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $82.0 million for the same period, prior year. The Adjusted EBITDA margin for the outpatient rehabilitation segment was 8.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 8.8% for the same period, prior year. Certain outpatient rehabilitation key statistics are presented in table VIII of this release for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Dividend
On October 29, 2025, Select Medical's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.0625 per share. The dividend will be payable on or about November 25, 2025, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 12, 2025.
There is no assurance that future dividends will be declared. The declaration and payment of dividends in the future are at the discretion of Select Medical's Board of Directors after taking into account various factors, including, but not limited to, Select Medical's financial condition, operating results, available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, the terms of Select Medical's indebtedness, and other factors Select Medical's Board of Directors may deem to be relevant.
Stock Repurchase Program
The Board of Directors of Select Medical has authorized a common stock repurchase program to repurchase up to $1.0 billion worth of shares of its common stock. On October 29, 2025, the Board of Directors extended the common stock repurchase program from December 31, 2025, to December 31, 2027. The common stock repurchase program will remain in effect until then, unless further extended or earlier terminated by the Board of Directors. Stock repurchases under this program may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, and at times and in such amounts as Select Medical deems appropriate. Select Medical funds this program with cash on hand and borrowings under its revolving credit facility.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Select Medical repurchased 6,375,512 shares at a cost of approximately $96.5 million, or $15.13 per share, which includes transaction costs. From the inception of the common stock repurchase program through September 30, 2025, Select Medical has repurchased 54,610,335 shares at a cost of approximately $696.8 million, or $12.76 per share, which includes transaction costs. On August 16, 2022, Congress passed the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which enacted a 1% excise tax on stock repurchases that exceed $1.0 million, effective January 1, 2023. As of September 30, 2025, $0.9 million has been accrued for the 1% excise tax as a cost of the stock repurchase.
Business Outlook
Select Medical is increasing its 2025 business outlook for fully diluted earnings per share and reaffirming its 2025 business outlook for revenue and Adjusted EBITDA, which was provided most recently in its July 31, 2025 press release. For fiscal year 2025, Select Medical expects revenue to be in the range of $5.3 billion to $5.5 billion, Adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of $510.0 million to $530.0 million, and fully diluted earnings per share to be in the range of $1.14 to $1.24. Reconciliations of full year 2025 Adjusted EBITDA expectations to income from operations, net of tax, is presented in table XI of this release.
Conference Call
Select Medical will host a conference call regarding its third quarter results and its business outlook on Friday, October 31, 2025, at 9:00am ET. The conference call will be a live webcast and can be accessed at Select Medical Holdings Corporation's website at www.selectmedicalholdings.com. A replay of the webcast will be available shortly after the call through the same link.
For listeners wishing to dial-in via telephone, or participate in the question and answer session, you may pre-register for the call at Select Medical Earnings Call Registration to obtain your dial-in number and unique passcode.
* * * * *
Certain statements contained herein that are not descriptions of historical facts are "forward-looking" statements (as such term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995), including statements related to Select Medical's 2025 business outlook. Because such statements include risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements due to factors including the following:
Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we are under no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of any new information, future events, or otherwise. You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results or performance.
Investor inquiries:
Joel T. Veit
Senior Vice President and Treasurer
717-972-1100
[email protected]
| I. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 (In thousands, except per share amounts, unaudited) | ||||||
|  | ||||||
|  |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | % Change | 
| Revenue |  | $ 1,271,582 |  | $ 1,363,445 |  | 7.2 % | 
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Cost of services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization |  | 1,135,708 |  | 1,215,995 |  | 7.1 | 
| General and administrative |  | 47,347 |  | 40,050 |  | (15.4) | 
| Depreciation and amortization |  | 34,930 |  | 34,442 |  | (1.4) | 
| Total costs and expenses |  | 1,217,985 |  | 1,290,487 |  | 6.0 | 
| Other operating income |  | 1,302 |  | — |  | N/M | 
| Income from continuing operations before other income and expense |  | 54,899 |  | 72,958 |  | 32.9 | 
| Other income and expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Loss on early retirement of debt |  | (10,939) |  | — |  | N/M | 
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries |  | 33,069 |  | 12,992 |  | (60.7) | 
| Interest expense |  | (31,379) |  | (30,021) |  | (4.3) | 
| Income from continuing operations before income taxes |  | 45,650 |  | 55,929 |  | 22.5 | 
| Income tax expense from continuing operations |  | 4,374 |  | 11,749 |  | 168.6 | 
| Income from continuing operations, net of tax |  | 41,276 |  | 44,180 |  | 7.0 | 
| Discontinued operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Income from discontinued business |  | 62,174 |  | — |  | N/M | 
| Income tax expense from discontinued business |  | 22,435 |  | — |  | N/M | 
| Income from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | 39,739 |  | — |  | N/M | 
| Net income |  | 81,015 |  | 44,180 |  | (45.5) | 
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |  | 25,387 |  | 15,387 |  | (39.4) | 
| Net income attributable to Select Medical |  | $ 55,628 |  | $ 28,793 |  | (48.2) % | 
| Net income attributable to Select Medical's common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Income from continuing operations, net of tax |  | $ 24,798 |  | $ 28,793 |  |  | 
| Income from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | 30,830 |  | — |  |  | 
| Net income attributable to Select Medical's common stockholders |  | $ 55,628 |  | $ 28,793 |  |  | 
| Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Continuing operations - basic and diluted |  | $ 0.19 |  | $ 0.23 |  |  | 
| Discontinued operations - basic and diluted |  | 0.24 |  | — |  |  | 
| Total earnings per common share - basic and diluted(1) |  | $ 0.43 |  | $ 0.23 |  |  | 
|  | |
| (1) | Refer to table III for calculation of earnings per common share. | 
| N/M | Not meaningful | 
| II. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 (In thousands, except per share amounts, unaudited) | ||||||
|  | ||||||
|  |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | % Change | 
| Revenue |  | $ 3,874,541 |  | $ 4,056,196 |  | 4.7 % | 
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Cost of services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization |  | 3,378,362 |  | 3,572,735 |  | 5.8 | 
| General and administrative |  | 145,672 |  | 108,721 |  | (25.4) | 
| Depreciation and amortization |  | 106,583 |  | 104,098 |  | (2.3) | 
| Total costs and expenses |  | 3,630,617 |  | 3,785,554 |  | 4.3 | 
| Other operating income |  | 3,300 |  | 1,592 |  | (51.8) | 
| Income from continuing operations before other income and expense |  | 247,224 |  | 272,234 |  | 10.1 | 
| Other income and expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Loss on early retirement of debt |  | (10,939) |  | — |  | N/M | 
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries |  | 53,481 |  | 39,122 |  | (26.8) | 
| Interest expense |  | (100,054) |  | (89,071) |  | (11.0) | 
| Income from continuing operations before income taxes |  | 189,712 |  | 222,285 |  | 17.2 | 
| Income tax expense from continuing operations |  | 49,269 |  | 45,494 |  | (7.7) | 
| Income from continuing operations, net of tax |  | 140,443 |  | 176,791 |  | 25.9 | 
| Discontinued operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Income from discontinued business |  | 198,745 |  | — |  | N/M | 
| Income tax expense from discontinued business |  | 46,240 |  | — |  | N/M | 
| Income from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | 152,505 |  | — |  | N/M | 
| Net income |  | 292,948 |  | 176,791 |  | (39.7) | 
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |  | 62,860 |  | 50,746 |  | (19.3) | 
| Net income attributable to Select Medical |  | $ 230,088 |  | $ 126,045 |  | (45.2) % | 
| Net income attributable to Select Medical's common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Income from continuing operations, net of tax |  | $ 89,137 |  | $ 126,045 |  |  | 
| Income from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | 140,951 |  | — |  |  | 
| Net income attributable to Select Medical's common stockholders |  | $ 230,088 |  | $ 126,045 |  |  | 
| Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Continuing operations - basic and diluted |  | $ 0.69 |  | $ 1.00 |  |  | 
| Discontinued operations - basic and diluted |  | 1.09 |  | — |  |  | 
| Total earnings per common share - basic and diluted(1) |  | $ 1.78 |  | $ 1.00 |  |  | 
|  | |
| (1) | Refer to table III for calculation of earnings per common share. | 
| N/M | Not meaningful | 
| III. Earnings per Share | 
| For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 | 
| (In thousands, except per share amounts, unaudited) | 
Select Medical's capital structure includes common stock and unvested restricted stock awards. To compute earnings per share ("EPS"), Select Medical applies the two-class method because its unvested restricted stock awards are participating securities which are entitled to participate equally with its common stock in undistributed earnings.
The following table sets forth the income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to Select Medical, its common shares outstanding, and its participating securities outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025:
|  |  | Basic and Diluted EPS | ||||||
|  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||
|  |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 | 
| Income from continuing operations, net of tax |  | $ 41,276 |  | $ 44,180 |  | $ 140,443 |  | $ 176,791 | 
| Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interests |  | 16,478 |  | 15,387 |  | 51,306 |  | 50,746 | 
| 
                          Income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to |  | 24,798 |  | 28,793 |  | 89,137 |  | 126,045 | 
| 
                          Less: distributed and undistributed net income attributable to  |  | 956 |  | 706 |  | 3,462 |  | 2,727 | 
| 
                          Distributed and undistributed income from continuing  |  | $ 23,842 |  | $ 28,087 |  | $ 85,675 |  | $ 123,318 | 
The following tables set forth the computation of EPS under the two-class method for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025:
|  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
|  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 | ||||||||
|  |  | 
                          
                            Income from  |  | Shares(1) |  | 
                          
                            Basic and |  |  | 
                          
                            Income from |  | Shares(1) |  | 
                          
                            Basic and | 
| Common shares |  | $ 23,842 |  | 124,714 |  | $ 0.19 |  |  | $ 28,087 |  | 120,476 |  | $ 0.23 | 
| Participating securities |  | 956 |  | 5,001 |  | $ 0.19 |  |  | 706 |  | 3,030 |  | $ 0.23 | 
| Total |  | $ 24,798 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 28,793 |  |  |  |  | 
|  | |||||||||||||
|  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
|  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 | ||||||||
|  |  | 
                          
                            Income from  |  | Shares(1) |  | 
                          
                            Basic and |  |  | 
                          
                            Income from |  | Shares(1) |  | 
                          
                            Basic and  | 
| Common shares |  | $ 85,675 |  | 124,175 |  | $ 0.69 |  |  | $ 123,318 |  | 123,326 |  | $ 1.00 | 
| Participating securities |  | 3,462 |  | 5,017 |  | $ 0.69 |  |  | 2,727 |  | 2,727 |  | $ 1.00 | 
| Total |  | $ 89,137 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 126,045 |  |  |  |  | 
|  | |
| (1) | Represents the weighted average share count outstanding during the period. | 
| IV. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands, unaudited) | ||||
|  | ||||
|  |  | December 31, 2024 |  | September 30, 2025 | 
| Assets |  |  |  |  | 
| Current Assets: |  |  |  |  | 
| Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ 59,694 |  | $ 60,054 | 
| Accounts receivable |  | 821,385 |  | 825,811 | 
| Other current assets |  | 138,698 |  | 134,599 | 
| Total Current Assets |  | 1,019,777 |  | 1,020,464 | 
| Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | 908,095 |  | 939,083 | 
| Property and equipment, net |  | 872,185 |  | 903,242 | 
| Goodwill |  | 2,331,898 |  | 2,333,143 | 
| Identifiable intangible assets, net |  | 103,183 |  | 101,425 | 
| Other assets |  | 372,813 |  | 388,366 | 
| Total Assets |  | $ 5,607,951 |  | $ 5,685,723 | 
| Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |  | 
| Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  | 
| Payables and accruals |  | $ 777,781 |  | $ 726,585 | 
| Current operating lease liabilities |  | 179,601 |  | 184,215 | 
| Current portion of long-term debt and notes payable |  | 20,269 |  | 28,778 | 
| Total Current Liabilities |  | 977,651 |  | 939,578 | 
| Non-current operating lease liabilities |  | 787,124 |  | 818,586 | 
| Long-term debt, net of current portion |  | 1,691,546 |  | 1,743,371 | 
| Non-current deferred tax liability |  | 81,497 |  | 88,311 | 
| Other non-current liabilities |  | 73,038 |  | 76,021 | 
| Total Liabilities |  | 3,610,856 |  | 3,665,867 | 
| Redeemable non-controlling interests |  | 10,167 |  | 8,651 | 
| Total equity |  | 1,986,928 |  | 2,011,205 | 
| Total Liabilities and Equity |  | $ 5,607,951 |  | $ 5,685,723 | 
| V. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 (In thousands, unaudited) | ||||
|  | ||||
|  |  | 2024 |  | 2025 | 
| Operating activities |  |  |  |  | 
| Net income |  | $ 81,015 |  | $ 44,180 | 
| 
                          Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating  |  |  |  |  | 
| Distributions from unconsolidated subsidiaries |  | 16,306 |  | 11,723 | 
| Depreciation and amortization |  | 50,143 |  | 34,442 | 
| Provision for expected credit losses |  | 199 |  | 506 | 
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries |  | (33,069) |  | (12,992) | 
| Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | 10,939 |  | — | 
| Gain on sale or disposal of assets |  | (89) |  | (4) | 
| Stock compensation expense |  | 13,376 |  | 4,255 | 
| Amortization of debt discount, premium and issuance costs |  | 787 |  | 784 | 
| Deferred income taxes |  | (602) |  | 17,895 | 
| 
                          Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of business |  |  |  |  | 
| Accounts receivable |  | 22,348 |  | 83,144 | 
| Other current assets |  | 1,299 |  | (8,060) | 
| Other assets |  | 26,789 |  | 1,597 | 
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | (8,472) |  | (2,163) | 
| Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 180,969 |  | 175,307 | 
| Investing activities |  |  |  |  | 
| Business combinations, net of cash acquired |  | 3,682 |  | (1,601) | 
| Purchases of property and equipment |  | (50,683) |  | (53,102) | 
| Proceeds from sales and exchange of assets |  | 1,908 |  | 22,093 | 
| Net cash used in investing activities |  | (45,093) |  | (32,610) | 
| Financing activities |  |  |  |  | 
| Borrowings on revolving facilities |  | 235,000 |  | 200,000 | 
| Payments on revolving facilities |  | (570,000) |  | (300,000) | 
| Proceeds from term loans, net of issuance costs |  | 836,697 |  | — | 
| Payments on term loans |  | (1,640,418) |  | (2,625) | 
| Proceeds from 6.875% senior notes, net of issuance costs |  | 637,337 |  | — | 
| Borrowings of other debt |  | 3,078 |  | 20,169 | 
| Principal payments on other debt |  | (12,521) |  | (9,274) | 
| Dividends paid to common stockholders |  | (16,194) |  | (7,739) | 
| Repurchases of common stock |  | (16,524) |  | (1,970) | 
| Decrease in overdrafts |  | (9,453) |  | (16,506) | 
| Proceeds from issuance of non-controlling interests |  | 3,662 |  | 2,058 | 
| Distributions to and purchases of non-controlling interests |  | (17,430) |  | (19,105) | 
| Proceeds from Concentra initial public offering |  | 511,198 |  | — | 
| Net cash used in financing activities |  | (55,568) |  | (134,992) | 
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | 80,308 |  | 7,705 | 
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 111,160 |  | 52,349 | 
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ 191,468 |  | $ 60,054 | 
| Supplemental information |  |  |  |  | 
| 
                          Cash paid for interest, excluding amounts received of $23,115 under the  |  | $ 74,879 |  | $ 21,937 | 
| Cash paid for taxes |  | 41,870 |  | 1,066 | 
| VI. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 (In thousands, unaudited) | ||||
|  | ||||
|  |  | 2024 |  | 2025 | 
| Operating activities |  |  |  |  | 
| Net income |  | $ 292,948 |  | $ 176,791 | 
| 
                          Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating |  |  |  |  | 
| Distributions from unconsolidated subsidiaries |  | 30,436 |  | 42,815 | 
| Depreciation and amortization |  | 158,151 |  | 104,098 | 
| Provision for expected credit losses |  | 1,659 |  | 2,061 | 
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries |  | (49,805) |  | (39,122) | 
| Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | 10,939 |  | — | 
| Gain on sale or disposal of assets |  | (1,111) |  | (47) | 
| Stock compensation expense |  | 39,399 |  | 12,179 | 
| Amortization of debt discount, premium, and issuance costs |  | 2,279 |  | 2,353 | 
| Deferred income taxes |  | (34,941) |  | 10,547 | 
| 
                          Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of business  |  |  |  |  | 
| Accounts receivable |  | (116,761) |  | (6,487) | 
| Other current assets |  | 7,856 |  | (7,498) | 
| Other assets |  | 13,942 |  | 5,056 | 
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | 37,441 |  | (20,604) | 
| Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 392,432 |  | 282,142 | 
| Investing activities |  |  |  |  | 
| Business combinations, net of cash acquired |  | (2,311) |  | (1,601) | 
| Purchases of property and equipment |  | (158,748) |  | (170,125) | 
| Proceeds from sales and exchange of assets |  | 4,241 |  | 22,132 | 
| Net cash used in investing activities |  | (156,818) |  | (149,594) | 
| Financing activities |  |  |  |  | 
| Borrowings on revolving facilities |  | 950,000 |  | 970,000 | 
| Payments on revolving facilities |  | (1,220,000) |  | (925,000) | 
| Proceeds from term loans, net of issuance costs |  | 836,697 |  | — | 
| Payments on term loans |  | (1,719,503) |  | (7,875) | 
| Proceeds from 6.875% senior notes, net of issuance costs |  | 637,337 |  | — | 
| Borrowings of other debt |  | 20,806 |  | 41,522 | 
| Principal payments on other debt |  | (35,782) |  | (25,965) | 
| Dividends paid to common stockholders |  | (48,493) |  | (23,684) | 
| Repurchases of common stock |  | (17,924) |  | (99,535) | 
| Decrease in overdrafts |  | (16,101) |  | (25,803) | 
| Proceeds from issuance of non-controlling interests |  | 9,413 |  | 12,964 | 
| Distributions to and purchases of non-controlling interests |  | (35,800) |  | (48,812) | 
| Proceeds from Concentra initial public offering |  | 511,198 |  | — | 
| Net cash used in financing activities |  | (128,152) |  | (132,188) | 
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | 107,462 |  | 360 | 
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 84,006 |  | 59,694 | 
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ 191,468 |  | $ 60,054 | 
| Supplemental information |  |  |  |  | 
| 
                          Cash paid for interest, excluding amounts received of $68,069 under the |  | $ 216,757 |  | $ 84,002 | 
| Cash paid for taxes |  | 102,696 |  | 22,118 | 
| VII. Key Statistics For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024, and 2025 (unaudited) | ||||||
|  | ||||||
|  |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | % Change | 
| Critical Illness Recovery Hospital |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Number of hospitals operated – end of period(a) |  | 106 |  | 105 |  |  | 
| Revenue (,000) |  | $ 582,950 |  | $ 609,929 |  | 4.6 % | 
| Number of patient days(b)(c) |  | 270,760 |  | 265,730 |  | (1.9) % | 
| Number of admissions(b)(d) |  | 8,676 |  | 8,859 |  | 2.1 % | 
| Revenue per patient day(b)(e) |  | $ 2,145 |  | $ 2,287 |  | 6.6 % | 
| Occupancy rate(b)(f) |  | 65 % |  | 65 % |  | 0.0 % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA (,000) |  | $ 50,763 |  | $ 56,102 |  | 10.5 % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA margin |  | 8.7 % |  | 9.2 % |  |  | 
| Rehabilitation Hospital |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Number of hospitals operated – end of period(a) |  | 34 |  | 36 |  |  | 
| Revenue (,000) |  | $ 282,709 |  | $ 328,607 |  | 16.2 % | 
| Number of patient days(b)(c) |  | 116,835 |  | 129,787 |  | 11.1 % | 
| Number of admissions(b)(d) |  | 8,439 |  | 9,385 |  | 11.2 % | 
| Revenue per patient day(b)(e) |  | $ 2,148 |  | $ 2,254 |  | 4.9 % | 
| Occupancy rate(b)(f) |  | 82 % |  | 83 % |  | 1.2 % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA (,000) |  | $ 60,117 |  | $ 67,956 |  | 13.0 % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA margin |  | 21.3 % |  | 20.7 % |  |  | 
| Outpatient Rehabilitation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Number of clinics operated – end of period(a) |  | 1,925 |  | 1,922 |  |  | 
| Working days(g) |  | 64 |  | 64 |  |  | 
| Revenue (,000) |  | $ 312,042 |  | $ 325,383 |  | 4.3 % | 
| Number of visits(b)(h) |  | 2,773,465 |  | 2,924,794 |  | 5.5 % | 
| Revenue per visit(b)(i) |  | $ 101 |  | $ 100 |  | (1.0) % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA (,000) |  | $ 28,319 |  | $ 24,198 |  | (14.6) % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA margin |  | 9.1 % |  | 7.4 % |  |  | 
|  | |
| (a) | Includes managed locations. | 
| (b) | Excludes managed locations. | 
| (c) | Each patient day represents one patient occupying one bed for one day during the periods presented. | 
| (d) | Represents the number of patients admitted to Select Medical's hospitals during the periods presented. | 
| (e) | Represents the average amount of revenue recognized for each patient day. Revenue per patient day is calculated by dividing patient service revenues, excluding revenues from certain other ancillary and outpatient services provided at Select Medical's hospitals, by the total number of patient days. | 
| (f) | Represents the portion of our hospitals being utilized for patient care during the periods presented. Occupancy rate is calculated using the number of patient days, as presented above, divided by the total number of bed days available during the period. Bed days available is derived by adding the daily number of available licensed beds for each of the periods presented. | 
| (g) | Represents the number of days in which normal business operations were conducted during the periods presented. | 
| (h) | Represents the number of visits in which patients were treated at Select Medical's outpatient rehabilitation clinics during the periods presented. | 
| (i) | Represents the average amount of revenue recognized for each patient visit. Revenue per visit is calculated by dividing patient service revenue, excluding revenues from certain other ancillary services, by the total number of visits. | 
| VIII. Key Statistics For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024, and 2025 (unaudited) | ||||||
|  | ||||||
|  |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | % Change | 
| Critical Illness Recovery Hospital |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Number of hospitals operated – end of period(a) |  | 106 |  | 105 |  |  | 
| Revenue (,000) |  | $ 1,843,751 |  | $ 1,848,098 |  | 0.2 % | 
| Number of patient days(b)(c) |  | 844,623 |  | 835,970 |  | (1.0) % | 
| Number of admissions(b)(d) |  | 27,093 |  | 27,176 |  | 0.3 % | 
| Revenue per patient day(b)(e) |  | $ 2,175 |  | $ 2,203 |  | 1.3 % | 
| Occupancy rate(b)(f) |  | 68 % |  | 69 % |  | 1.5 % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA (,000) |  | $ 238,536 |  | $ 199,034 |  | (16.6) % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA margin |  | 12.9 % |  | 10.8 % |  |  | 
| Rehabilitation Hospital |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Number of hospitals operated – end of period(a) |  | 34 |  | 36 |  |  | 
| Revenue (,000) |  | $ 816,240 |  | $ 949,770 |  | 16.4 % | 
| Number of patient days(b)(c) |  | 350,724 |  | 378,536 |  | 7.9 % | 
| Number of admissions(b)(d) |  | 25,039 |  | 27,335 |  | 9.2 % | 
| Revenue per patient day(b)(e) |  | $ 2,119 |  | $ 2,242 |  | 5.8 % | 
| Occupancy rate(b)(f) |  | 84 % |  | 82 % |  | (2.4) % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA (,000) |  | $ 183,471 |  | $ 209,427 |  | 14.1 % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA margin |  | 22.5 % |  | 22.1 % |  |  | 
| Outpatient Rehabilitation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Number of clinics operated – end of period(a) |  | 1,925 |  | 1,922 |  |  | 
| Working days(g) |  | 192 |  | 191 |  |  | 
| Revenue (,000) |  | $ 930,696 |  | $ 960,309 |  | 3.2 % | 
| Number of visits(b)(h) |  | 8,336,216 |  | 8,568,784 |  | 2.8 % | 
| Revenue per visit(b)(i) |  | $ 100 |  | $ 101 |  | 1.0 % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA (,000) |  | $ 82,016 |  | $ 78,984 |  | (3.7) % | 
| Adjusted EBITDA margin |  | 8.8 % |  | 8.2 % |  |  | 
|  | |
| (a) | Includes managed locations. | 
| (b) | Excludes managed locations. | 
| (c) | Each patient day represents one patient occupying one bed for one day during the periods presented. | 
| (d) | Represents the number of patients admitted to Select Medical's hospitals during the periods presented. | 
| (e) | Represents the average amount of revenue recognized for each patient day. Revenue per patient day is calculated by dividing patient service revenues, excluding revenues from certain other ancillary and outpatient services provided at Select Medical's hospitals, by the total number of patient days. | 
| (f) | Represents the portion of our hospitals being utilized for patient care during the periods presented. Occupancy rate is calculated using the number of patient days, as presented above, divided by the total number of bed days available during the period. Bed days available is derived by adding the daily number of available licensed beds for each of the periods presented. | 
| (g) | Represents the number of days in which normal business operations were conducted during the periods presented. | 
| (h) | Represents the number of visits in which patients were treated at Select Medical's outpatient rehabilitation clinics during the periods presented. | 
| (i) | Represents the average amount of revenue recognized for each patient visit. Revenue per visit is calculated by dividing patient service revenue, excluding revenues from certain other ancillary services, by the total number of visits. | 
| IX. Income from Continuing Operations, Net of Tax, to Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation | 
| For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 | 
| (In thousands, unaudited) | 
The presentation of Adjusted EBITDA is important to investors because Adjusted EBITDA is commonly used as an analytical indicator of performance by investors within the healthcare industry. Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to evaluate financial performance and determine resource allocation for each of Select Medical's segments. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). Items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to, or substitute for, income from continuing operations, income from continuing operations before other income and expense, cash flows generated by operations, investing or financing activities, or other financial statement data presented in the consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance or liquidity. Because Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement determined in accordance with GAAP and is thus susceptible to varying definitions, Adjusted EBITDA as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
The following table reconciles income from continuing operations, net of tax, to Adjusted EBITDA for Select Medical. Adjusted EBITDA is used by Select Medical to report its segment performance. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings from continuing operations excluding interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, gain (loss) on early retirement of debt, stock compensation expense, transaction costs associated with the Concentra separation, gain (loss) on sale of businesses, and equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries.
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||
|  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2025 | 
| Income from continuing operations, net of tax | $ 41,276 |  | $ 44,180 |  |  | $ 140,443 |  | $ 176,791 | 
| Income tax expense from continuing operations | 4,374 |  | 11,749 |  |  | 49,269 |  | 45,494 | 
| Interest expense | 31,379 |  | 30,021 |  |  | 100,054 |  | 89,071 | 
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | (33,069) |  | (12,992) |  |  | (53,481) |  | (39,122) | 
| Loss on early retirement of debt | 10,939 |  | — |  |  | 10,939 |  | — | 
| 
                          Income from continuing operations, before other income  | 54,899 |  | 72,958 |  |  | 247,224 |  | 272,234 | 
| Stock compensation expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Included in general and administrative | 10,961 |  | 3,448 |  |  | 32,517 |  | 9,714 | 
| Included in cost of services | 2,247 |  | 807 |  |  | 6,382 |  | 2,465 | 
| Depreciation and amortization | 34,930 |  | 34,442 |  |  | 106,583 |  | 104,098 | 
| Concentra separation transaction costs | 861 |  | — |  |  | 1,696 |  | — | 
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ 103,898 |  | $ 111,655 |  |  | $ 394,402 |  | $ 388,511 | 
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Critical illness recovery hospital | $ 50,763 |  | $ 56,102 |  |  | $ 238,536 |  | $ 199,034 | 
| Rehabilitation hospital | 60,117 |  | 67,956 |  |  | 183,471 |  | 209,427 | 
| Outpatient rehabilitation | 28,319 |  | 24,198 |  |  | 82,016 |  | 78,984 | 
| Other(a) | (35,301) |  | (36,601) |  |  | (109,621) |  | (98,934) | 
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ 103,898 |  | $ 111,655 |  |  | $ 394,402 |  | $ 388,511 | 
|  | |
| (a) | Other primarily includes general and administrative costs. | 
| X. Reconciliation of Earnings per Common Share from Continuing Operations, Net of Tax, to Adjusted Earnings per Common Share from Continuing Operations, Net of Tax | 
| For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 | 
| (In thousands, except per share amounts, unaudited) | 
Adjusted income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to common shares and adjusted earnings per common share from continuing operations are not measures of financial performance under GAAP. Items excluded from adjusted income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to common shares and adjusted earnings per common share from continuing operations are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Select Medical believes that the presentation of adjusted income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to common shares and adjusted earnings per common share from continuing operations are important to investors because they are reflective of the financial performance of Select Medical's ongoing operations and provide better comparability of its results of operations between periods. Adjusted income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to common shares and adjusted earnings per common share from continuing operations should not be considered in isolation or as alternatives to, or substitutes for, income from continuing operations, net of tax, cash flows generated by operations, investing or financing activities, or other financial statement data presented in the consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance or liquidity. Because adjusted income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to common shares and adjusted earnings per common share are not measurements determined in accordance with GAAP and are thus susceptible to varying calculations, adjusted income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to common shares and adjusted earnings per common share from continuing operations as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
The following tables reconcile income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to common shares and earnings per common share from continuing operations on a fully diluted basis to adjusted income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to common shares and adjusted earnings per common share from continuing operations on a fully diluted basis.
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||
|  | 2024 |  | Per Share(a)(c) |  | 2025 |  | Per Share(a) | 
| 
                          Income from continuing operations, net of tax, | $ 23,842 |  | $ 0.19 |  | $ 28,087 |  | $ 0.23 | 
| Adjustments:(b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Loss on early retirement of debt, net of tax | 7,697 |  | 0.06 |  | — |  | — | 
| Concentra separation transaction costs, net of tax | 612 |  | 0.00 |  | — |  | — | 
| 
                          Adjusted income from continuing operations, net of | $ 32,151 |  | $ 0.26 | (c) | $ 28,087 |  | $ 0.23 | 
|  | |||||||
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||
|  | 2024 |  | Per Share(a) |  | 2025 |  | Per Share(a) | 
| 
                          Income from continuing operations, net of tax,  | $ 85,675 |  | $ 0.69 |  | $ 123,318 |  | $ 1.00 | 
| Adjustments:(b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
| Loss on early retirement of debt, net of tax | 7,695 |  | 0.06 |  | — |  | — | 
| Concentra separation transaction costs, net of tax | 1,208 |  | 0.01 |  | — |  | — | 
| 
                          Adjusted income from continuing operations, net of  | $ 94,578 |  | $ 0.76 |  | $ 123,318 |  | $ 1.00 | 
|  | |
| (a) | Income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to common shares and earnings per common share from continuing operations are calculated based on the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding, as presented in table III. | 
| (b) | Adjustments to income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to common shares include estimated income tax and non-controlling interest impacts and are calculated based on the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. The estimated income tax impact, which is determined using tax rates based on the nature of the adjustment and the jurisdiction in which the adjustment occurred, includes both current and deferred income tax expense or benefit. | 
| (c) | Total does not foot due to rounding. | 
| XI. Income from Continuing Operations, Net of Tax, to Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation | 
| Business Outlook for the Year Ending December 31, 2025 | 
| (In millions, unaudited) | 
The following is a reconciliation of full year 2025 Adjusted EBITDA as computed at the low and high points of the range to the closest comparable GAAP financial measure. Refer to table IX for the definition of Adjusted EBITDA and discussion of Select Medical's use of Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating financial performance. Each item presented in the below table is an estimation of full year 2025 expectations.
|  | Range | ||
| Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliation | Low |  | High | 
| Income from continuing operations, net of tax, attributable to Select Medical | $ 143 |  | $ 156 | 
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests | 69 |  | 71 | 
| Income from continuing operations, net of tax | 212 |  | 227 | 
| Income tax expense | 63 |  | 70 | 
| Interest expense | 119 |  | 119 | 
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | (49) |  | (51) | 
| Income from continuing operations before other income and expense | 345 |  | 365 | 
| Stock compensation expense | 19 |  | 19 | 
| Depreciation and amortization | 146 |  | 146 | 
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ 510 |  | $ 530 | 

SOURCE Select Medical Holdings Corporation

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